With the advancement of technology and the rising awareness of energy conservation, the concept of the "lights-off factory" is no longer just a symbolic slogan but is gradually becoming a practical part of operations. The operational model aims to reduce unnecessary energy consumption, particularly electricity, through intelligent control systems. By automatically adjusting lighting systems and operating equipment and optimizing energy usage, factories can significantly reduce electricity output. The introduction of automation helps factories improve production efficiency while simultaneously achieving smart energy management, reducing their environmental impact. Common operational models include:

1. Automated Production Lines: Automated production lines leverage robots, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine vision to complete manufacturing tasks. These lines operate without manual intervention, handling material transportation, assembly, inspection, and other processes automatically.
2. Intelligent Management Systems: In traditional factories, lighting and equipment are usually operated manually, leading to significant energy wastage. With automation, IoT (Internet of Things) systems monitor and regulate energy use in real time. For instance, lighting only activates when machinery is in operation and automatically adjusts light intensity based on the needs of different areas. Additionally, resources can be recycled using high-efficiency machinery and energy recovery systems to capture heat and kinetic energy during production, minimizing unnecessary waste.
3. AI and Big Data Applications: By integrating large volumes of data from the production process, machine learning optimizes the automated production flow.
   • Predictive Maintenance: By analyzing operational data from machinery, AI can predict potential equipment failures and schedule maintenance before breakdowns occur, preventing production halts.
   • Intelligent Production Scheduling: Smart scheduling adjusts production plans based on market demand and inventory levels, enhancing efficiency.
   • Energy Usage Prediction and Management: AI forecasts energy demand within the factory and dynamically adjusts equipment operation to optimize energy consumption.

The lights-off factory enables continuous production around the clock. Many small and medium-sized enterprises use this approach to handle seasonal high-volume orders or achieve third-shift production, maximizing output. This new factory model boosts competitiveness, reduces labor costs, and is easily replicable and scalable, allowing businesses to expand globally and overcome geographic and labor limitations.